TABLE 3—
Prevalence and OR (95% CI) for Repeated Job Strain and Low Work Support and Major Depressive Disorder at Phase 5: Whitehall II Study, London, UK, 1988–1999
| Major Depressive Disorder at Phase 5 |
|||||
| Job Characteristic | Prevalence (No.) | OR (95% CI)a | OR (95% CI)b | OR (95% CI)c | OR (95% CI)d |
| Job strain | |||||
| None | 2.67 (46) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| 1 occasion | 4.16 (49) | 1.56 (1.03, 2.36) | 1.56 (1.03, 2.36) | 1.53 (1.01, 2.32) | 1.28 (0.84, 1.95) |
| 2–3 occasions | 6.05 (63) | 2.27 (1.53, 3.37) | 2.19 (1.48, 3.26) | 2.10 (1.41, 3.13) | 1.49 (0.98, 2.27) |
| P for trend | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | .05 | |
| Low work social support | |||||
| None | 3.26 (54) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| 1 occasion | 3.74 (41) | 1.12 (0.74, 1.70) | 1.12 (0.74, 1.71) | 1.12 (0.74, 1.70) | 0.97 (0.64, 1.49) |
| 2–3 occasions | 5.29 (62) | 1.62 (1.11, 2.36) | 1.62 (1.10, 2.37) | 1.61 (1.10, 2.37) | 1.16 (0.77, 1.74) |
| P for trend | .01 | .01 | .01 | .43 | |
Note. CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio. The sample size was n = 3942. Analyses for low work support were derived from 3923 participants.
a
Adjusted for age and gender.
b
Adjusted for all covariates: age, gender, employment grade, education, marital status, smoking habit, alcohol intake, physical activity, confiding and emotional support, and social network.
c
Additionally adjusted for longstanding illness.
d
Additionally adjusted for General Health Questionnaire at phases 1–3.