TABLE 4—

Change in Job Strain Between Phases 1 and 3 and Risk of Major Depressive Disorder: Whitehall II Study, London, UK, 1988–1999

	Major Depressive Disorder at Phase 5
Job Strain Change	Prevalence (No.)	OR (95% CI)a	OR (95% CI)b
No change phases 1–3 (low strain)	2.87 (54)	1.00 (Ref)	1.00 (Ref)
High job strain phase 1 to low job strain phase 3	4.42 (29)	1.56 (0.99, 2.48)	1.55 (0.97, 2.48)
Low job strain phase 1 to high job strain phase 3	5.05 (29)	1.77 (1.11, 2.81)	1.67 (1.04, 2.67)
High job strain phases 1 and 3	5.95 (31)	2.12 (1.34, 3.34)	1.94 (1.22, 3.08)

Note. CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio.

^aAdjusted for age and gender.

^bAdjusted for all covariates: age, gender, employment grade, education, marital status, smoking habit, alcohol intake, physical activity, confiding and emotional support, and social network.