Table 2.
Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 percent confidence intervals between alcohol use and depressive symptoms among men women in St. Petersburg, Russia (N = 307)
| Characteristics | Men (n = 220)
|
Women (n = 87)
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted OR | Adjusted OR | Unadjusted OR | Adjusted OR | |
| Age (25 years or less) | 0.93 (0.46–1.87) | — | 1.39 (0.54–3.56) | — |
| Being married | 0.91 (0.35–2.37) | — | 0.89 (0.32–2.47) | — |
| Some higher education | 0.49 (0.23–1.01) | — | 0.95 (0.37–2.43) | — |
| Monthly income < 15,000 rubles | 1.92 (0.94–3.92) | — | 1.50 (0.52–4.34) | — |
| Unemployed | 2.12 (1.05–4.30) | 2.42 (1.12–5.26) | 1.17 (0.46–3.01) | — |
| Ever had an STI a | 2.25 (1.11–4.57) | 2.47 (1.14–5.34) | 1.16 (0.45–3.02) | — |
| Number of sexual partner in the past 3 months | ||||
| 1 | Reference | — | Reference | Reference |
| 2 | 0.79 (0.32–1.94) | — | 5.91 (1.45–24.09) | 5.73 (1.36–24.06) |
| 3 or more | 0.54 (0.23–1.26) | — | 6.04 (1.45–25.18) | 4.46 (1.03–19.41) |
| Commercial sex workers b | 1.39 (0.28–6.96) | — | — | — |
| Intravenous drug use b | 3.45 (0.92–12.88) | 4.66 (1.11–19.54) | — | — |
| Alcohol use c | 3.48 (1.29–9.38) | 3.03 (1.05–8.80) | ||
| 1st quartile | 7.33 (2.00–26.87) | 7.54 (2.00–28.51) | — | — |
| 2nd quartile | Reference | Reference | — | — |
| 3rd quartile | 2.25 (0.53–9.46) | 2.32 (0.53–10.10) | — | — |
| 4th quartile | 6.27 (1.67–23.52) | 5.06 (1.31–19.63) | — | — |
a
STI: sexually transmitted infections
b
Commercial sex worker and injection drug use were not included in the estimation among women due to small numbers.
c
Alcohol use was identified by using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Since a significant linear trend was observed for women, we presented alcohol use as alcohol misuse vs. non-misuse for women (a score ≥ 8 indicates alcohol misuse).