Table 1. Studies serially analyzing recanalization and reperfusion in ischemic stroke patients.

	Type of treatment	Time to initiation of treatment	Tool for assessing reperfusion	Tool for assessing recanalization	Time of evaluation	Number of patients with successful recanalization	Percentage (95% CI) of patients without reperfusion
Baird et al90	IA SK	4 to 24 hours	SPECT	CA	24 to 48 hours	4	25% (13–78%)
Yasaka et al91	IV SK or placebo	<4 hours	SPECT	TCD	24 hours	8	50% (17–83%)
Khatri et al92	IV+IA tPA	<3 hours	CA	CA	Completion of angiographya	43	23% (12–39)
Tomsick et al93	IV tPA or IV+IA tPA	<3 hours	CA	CA	Completion of angiographya	26	19% (7–40%)
Albers et al94	IV tPA	3 to 6 hours	MRP	MRA	3 to 6 hours after tPAb	19	21% (7–46%)
De Silva et al22	IV tPA or placebo	3 to 6 hours	MRP	MRA	3 to 5 days	13	31% (10–61%)
Soares et al21	IV tPA or IA MT or IV tPA+IA MT or standard treatment	<5 hours	CTP	CTA	24 hours	13	38% (15–68%)
Overall							26% (19–35%)

CA, conventional angiography; CI, confidence interval; CTA, computed tomography angiography; CTP, computed tomography perfusion; IA, intraarterial; IV, intravenous; MRA, magnetic resonance imaging angiography; MRP, magnetic resonance imaging perfusion; MT, mechanical thrombolysis; SK, streptokinase; SPECT, single-photon emission computed tomography; TCD, transcranial Doppler ultrasonography; tPA, tissue plasminogen activator.

^aIntravenous tPA had to be started within 3 hours of symptom onset; this was followed with initiation of intraarterial tPA (with or without intraarterial sonography) infusion that lasted for a maximum of 2 hours.

^bThe median door to needle time was 328 minutes in the study.