Table 3.
Study (year) | Type of OA | Independent variables | Data source/population | Health outcomes | Covariates measured | Outcome | Country | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sandmark et al. (2000) | Knee OA | Job titles and exposure to physical load in occupational work, housework and leisure-time activities | Men and women who had prosthetic surgery due to primary tibiofemoral OA | Development of knee OA leading to prosthetic surgery | Age, BMI, sports, for women: hormone substitution | Among men there was an association between lifting at work, squatting or knee bending, kneeling and jumping with knee OA | Sweden | [146] |
Allen et al. (2010) | Knee and hip OA | Ten occupational tasks and lifetime exposure to jobs that require spending >50% of their time doing five specific tasks | Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project (NC, USA), African–American and Caucasian men and women aged ≥45 years in rural NC (USA) | Presence of knee and hip OA | Age, race, gender, BMI, prior knee or hip injury, smoking | Radiographic hip and knee OA not significantly associated with any occupational tasks; specific activities associated with symptomatic knee and hip OA; exposure to a greater number of physically demanding occupational tasks at the longest job was associated with greater odds of symptomatic knee and hip OA | USA | [102] |
Andersen et al. (2012) | Knee and hip OA | Occupations with heavy workload (i.e., farming, construction, healthcare work) | National patient register data on the Danish working population from 1981 to 2006 followed-up for hip and knee OA during 1996–2006 | Increased risk of OA, particularly for women | Age, personal income, personal unemployment, previous knee injury | Male floor layers and bricklayers and male and female healthcare assistants had the highest risk of knee OA; farmers had the highest risk of hip OA; generally, risk increased with cumulative years in the occupation | Denmark | [150] |
Keysor et al. (2010) | Incident and symptomatic knee OA | Community mobility barriers, transportation facilitators | Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study Knee Pain and Disability subcohort | Disability: DAL and DAF, prevalence of barriers | Age, gender, race, educational attainment, comorbidity, BMI, knee pain, functional limitation and study site | People who reported more transportation facilitators reported less disability, whereas a greater presence of transportation facilitators was not associated with DAF | USA | [89] |
Martin et al. (2011) | Hip and knee OA | Participant identified community factors | Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project (NC, USA), African–American and Caucasian men and women aged ≥45 years in rural NC (USA) | Facilitators/barriers to OA self-management | Not applicable | Individuals use local recreational facilities, senior centers, shopping centers, religious organizations, medical providers, pharmacies, and their social network for OA management; built environmental characteristics both facilitate and hinder use of community resources for OA management | USA | [39] |
Ethgen et al. (2004) | Knee and hip OA | Social support | Patients with consecutive hip and knee OA attending an outpatient physical rehabilitation and rheumatology clinic of University Hospital of Liege in Belgium | Health-related quality of life | Age, sex, BMI, number of comorbid conditions, SES, site of survey completion, severity of OA | Greater social companionship transactions associated with higher physical functioning, general health, mental health, social functioning and vitality | Belgium | [166] |
Kee (2003) | OA | Sociodemographic characteristics (age, race, education, income), psychosocial factors, health promotion practices and social support, health status and pain | Older adults | Psychological equilibrium, physical function | Not available | Hardiness, pain and social support were significant contributors to psychological status and physical function | USA | [168] |
Rapp et al. (2000) | Knee OA | Pain coping skills | Older adults | Self-reported disability, walking disability | Demographic variables, BMI, medical comorbidities, history of fractures, vision and hearing impairment | Pain coping was significantly associated with disability and distance walked. Less catastrophic thinking and prayer was associated with less disability and better physical function | USA | [171] |
Keefe et al. (2000) | Knee OA | Gender, catastrophizing | Patients with OA | Pain, pain behavior, physical disability | Age, ethnic background, income, education level, number of years since OA diagnosis, generalized or localized OA, disability and financial compensation or not | Significant difference in pain, pain behavior, and physical disability in men and women, mediated by catastrophizing | USA | [172] |
Hausmann et al. (2011) | OA | Past perceived discrimination, classism | African–American and white patients treated for OA by orthopedic surgeons in two Veteran Affairs facilities | Affective tone of patient–provider communication | Race, age, annual income, highest educational attainment, whether patient had been seen in the orthopedic clinic previously, quality of life | Perceived racism and classism were reported by more African–American patients than by white patients. High levels of perceived racism among African–American patients was associated with less positive nonverbal affect | USA | [174] |
DAF: Daily activity frequency; DAL: Daily activity limitation; OA: Osteoarthritis; SES: Socioeconomic status.