Table 3. AMOVA analysis of main Italian regions (Permutations: 20000; P-value<0.0000) for the mtDNA control region data and the Y-chromosome STRs and SNPs.

	All populations (%)	North vs Center vs South (%)	West vs East (%)
HAPLOTYPES
mtDNA (48 populations)
Among pops	0.79	0	0
Within pops	99.21	99.25	99.21
Among pops within groups	–	0.75	0.79
Y-chromosome (15 populations)
Among pops	2.34	1.18	0
Within pops	97.66	97.32	97.85
Among pops within groups	–	1.50	2.15
HAPLOGROUPS
mtDNA (19 populations)
Among pops	1.17	0.36	0
Within pops	98.83	98.72	98.83
Among pops within groups	–	0.92	1.17
Y-chromosome (24 populations)
Among pops	13.92	0.07	0.83
Within pops	86.08	86.06	85.74
Among pops within groups	–	13.87	13.44

Sardinians were not included in the analysis. References for population samples are given in Table S2.