Table 3.
Bivariate associations of ART and plurality with risk of ARM
|
Group |
|
Population-based controls N (%) |
All ARM cases |
Prospectively collected ARM cases in 2009 to 2011 |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | ORcrude(95% CI) | P value | N (%) | ORcrude(95% CI) | P value | ||||||
| ART |
No |
9,940,004 (99%) |
265 (90%) |
1.0 (Reference) |
- |
121 (90%) |
1.0 (Reference) |
- |
|||
| |
Yes |
129,982 (1%) |
30 (10%) |
8.7 (5.9–12.6) |
<0.0001 |
14 (10%) |
8.8 (5.1–15.4) |
<0.0001 |
|||
| Plurality of birth |
Singletons |
9,745,356 (97%) |
265 (90%) |
1.0 (Reference) |
- |
123 (91%) |
1.0 (Reference) |
- |
|||
| |
Multiple births |
324,630 (3%) |
30 (10%) |
3.4 (2.3–5.0) |
<0.0001 |
12 (9%) |
2.9 (1.6–5.3) |
0.0002 |
|||
| |
|
|
Isolated ARM cases |
ARM cases with associated anomalies |
VATER/VACTERL association |
||||||
|
Group |
|
Population-based controls N (%) |
N (%) |
ORcrude(95% CI) |
P value |
N (%) |
ORcrude(95% CI) |
P value |
N (%) |
ORcrude(95% CI) |
P value |
| ART |
No |
9,940,004 (99%) |
124 (94%) |
1.0 (Reference) |
- |
141 (87%) |
1.0 (Reference) |
- |
58 (91%) |
1.0 (Reference) |
- |
| |
Yes |
129,982 (1%) |
8 (6%) |
4.9 (2.4–10.1) |
<0.0001 |
22 (14%) |
11.9 (7.6–18.7) |
<0.0001 |
6 (9%) |
7.9 (3.4–18.3) |
<0.0001 |
| Plurality of birth |
Singletons |
9,745,356 (97%) |
117 (89%) |
1.0 (Reference) |
- |
148 (91%) |
1.0 (Reference) |
- |
58 (91%) |
1.0 (Reference) |
- |
| Multiple births | 324,630 (3%) | 15 (11%) | 3.8 (2.2–6.6) | <0.0001 | 15 (9%) | 3.0 (1.8–5.2) | <0.0001 | 6 (9%) | 3.1 (1.3–7.2) | 0.005 | |
ART = assisted reproductive techniques, OR = odds ratio, CI = confidence interval.