Figure 5.

Frequency of low cytokine-producers (empty rectangle). High inflammatory cytokine-producers (black rectangle) and high regulatory cytokine-producers (gray rectangle) for each leukocyte subset in the peripheral blood from untreated Indeterminate chagasic patients (IND) and Bz-treated Indeterminate chagasic patients (INDt) using the median percentage of cytokine⁺ cells from the group of non-infected individuals as the cut-off edge. Color diagrams (left panels) were first assembled for individual samples to further compile the resultant frequency (right panels) of cytokine producers in the “Control Culture” (A) and T. cruzi epimastigote antigen “Stimulated Culture” (B) of whole-blood samples. Statistical significance at p < 0.05 for comparisons between “Control” and “Stimulated” cultures are represented by *. (C) Representative dot plots illustrating the overall cytokine down-regulation after Bz treatment, as well as the in vitro antigen stimulation shifted the cytokine profile toward a type 1-modulated profile.