Table 2.
Maternal and infant predictors of presentation to metropolitan emergency departments with ALRI in children aged <5 years
| Risk factor |
Aboriginal |
|
Non-Aboriginal |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | PAF (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | PAF (95% CI) | |
| Male |
1.57 (1.32, 1.86) |
18.8 (11.5, 25.4) |
1.53 (1.46, 1.60) |
19.5 (17.5, 21.5) |
| Gestational age <36 weeks |
1.26 (0.99, 1.62) |
2.5 (−0.3, 5.2) |
1.62 (1.50, 1.75) |
3.4 (2.8, 4.0) |
| Maternal smoking* |
0.98 (0.83, 1.17) |
- |
1.15 (1.08, 1.21) |
2.4 (1.4, 3.4) |
| Maternal asthma* |
0.96 (0.75, 1.23) |
- |
1.38 (1.29, 1.47) |
3.6 (2.8, 4.4) |
| Percent optimal birthweight |
|
|
|
|
| Low <85% |
0.95 (0.77, 1.18) |
- |
1.00 (0.93, 1.07) |
- |
| Normal 85-114% |
Reference |
|
Reference |
|
| High ≥115% |
1.10 (0.81, 1.50) |
0.6 (−1.5, 2.7) |
1.07 (1.00, 1.15) |
0.7 (−0.01, 1.4) |
| Previous pregnancies |
|
|
|
|
| 0 |
Reference |
|
Reference |
|
| 1 |
0.97 (0.75, 1.27) |
- |
1.13 (1.07, 1.20) |
3.3 (1.8, 4.9) |
| 2 |
1.00 (0.74, 1.38) |
0.1 (−3.7, 3.8) |
1.30 (1.22, 1.39) |
4.3 (3.2, 5.4) |
| ≥3 |
1.29 (0.97, 1.71) |
7.7 (−1.0, 15.7) |
1.38 (1.28, 1.47) |
5.4 (4.3, 6.6) |
| Season of birth |
|
|
|
|
| Spring |
Reference |
|
Reference |
|
| Summer |
1.14 (0.90, 1.45) |
2.6 (−2.2, 7.2) |
1.13 (1.06, 1.20) |
2.7 (1.3, 4.0) |
| Autumn |
1.10 (0.87, 1.40) |
2.0 (−2.9, 6.6) |
1.23 (1.16, 1.31) |
4.7 (3.4, 6.1) |
| Winter |
1.08 (0.85, 1.38) |
1.5 (−3.1, 6.0) |
1.10 (1.03, 1.17) |
2.0 (0.7, 3.3) |
| Mode of delivery |
|
|
|
|
| Vaginal |
Reference |
|
Reference |
|
| Instrumental |
1.01 (0.71, 1.43) |
0.05 (−1.9, 2.0) |
1.01 (0.94, 1.08) |
0.08 (−0.7, 0.9) |
| Elective caesarean |
1.15 (0.85, 1.55) |
1.0 (−1.3, 3.2) |
1.25 (1.18, 1.32) |
3.4 (2.4, 4.3) |
| Emergency caesarean |
1.18 (0.92, 1.50) |
1.9 (−1.1, 4.8) |
1.12 (1.05, 1.20) |
1.4 (0.6, 2.2) |
| Maternal age |
|
|
|
|
| ≥35 years |
Reference |
|
Reference |
|
| 30-34 years |
1.09 (0.73, 1.63) |
0.9 (−3.4, 5.1) |
1.10 (1.03, 1.18) |
2.6 (0.9, 4.4) |
| 25-29 years |
1.45 (1.00, 2.10) |
7.1 (0.2, 13.6) |
1.28 (1.19, 1.37) |
6.1 (4.4, 7.7) |
| 20-24 years |
1.39 (0.95, 2.03) |
7.0 (−0.9, 14.4) |
1.47 (1.36, 1.59) |
5.2 (4.1, 6.3) |
| <20 years |
1.69 (1.10, 2.57) |
8.4 (2.1, 14.3) |
1.82 (1.62, 2.04) |
2.4 (1.9, 2.9) |
| Socio-economic index† |
|
|
|
|
| 91-100% |
Reference |
|
Reference |
|
| 76-90% |
0.66 (0.22, 1.98) |
- |
1.01 (0.92, 1.11) |
0.2 (−1.1, 1.4) |
| 26-75% |
0.92 (0.35, 2.43) |
- |
1.09 (1.01, 1.19) |
3.8 (0.5, 7.0) |
| 11-25% |
1.27 (0.48, 3.34) |
6.3 (−21.1, 27.5) |
1.30 (1.19, 1.42) |
4.2 (2.8, 5.5) |
| 0-10% | 1.01 (0.38, 2.68) | 0.3 (−25.8, 21.0) | 1.23 (1.11, 1.37) | 1.7 (0.8, 2.5) |
*During pregnancy. Relative to no maternal smoking/asthma.
†91-100% is least disadvantaged and 0-10% is most disadvantaged.
Based on 4105 Aboriginal and 117,989 non-Aboriginal births.
Adjusted for year of birth. Population attributable fraction was not calculated where OR < 1.