Table 3. Decomposition of effect of cluster-mean centered self-included model (2a) and its re-parameterized form (2b).

Model a	Collective effect b	Decomposition of collective effect
Original model (model 2a)
	γ 2	Individual effect c: β1
		Compositional effect: γ 2− β 1
Re-parameterized model (model 2b)
	γ 2	Self-like effect:
		Others-like effect:

^aAs explained in the main text, y_ij is an observed outcome of individual i in group j, x_ij is an individual-level social capital score of individual i in group j,  =  is the mean of social capital scores of all individuals in group j, n_j is the size of the group j, and  =  is the mean of social capital scores of all individuals (excluding individual i) in group j.

^bThis effect is also known as between-cluster effect.

^cThis effect is also known as within-cluster effect.