Figure 3. Effect of testosterone supplementation plus low-intensity physical training on the expression of mitochondrial proteins and the activity of mitochondrial marker enzymes in skeletal muscle.

(A) (left panel) Western analysis of a panel of subunits of complex I-V as well as mitochondrial aconitase (ACO2) and superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). GAPDH was used as loading control and expression of androgen receptor was measured as a positive control; (right panel) quantification of protein expression normalized to GAPDH. (B). Activity of mitochondrial enzyme citrate synthase, complex I, and complex IV. All measurements were performed using whole tissue homogenates of the triceps muscle group. Bar graphs are presented as mean ± SEM and group means were compared using Student’s t test, N = 5 for the control (C) group and 8 for the testosterone (T) group.