. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Apr 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Subst Abuse Treat. 2012 Sep 6;44(3):271–279. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2012.07.012

Table 1.

Sample characteristics, Mean (SD) or %

	Unmatched (N=1,318)		Matched (N=534)
	Young Adults (N=348)	Older Adults (N=970)	Young Adults (N=267)	Older Adults (N=267)
At entry into first drug treatment
Female	48.8 ^c	34.1 ^c	44.9	44.9
Race/ethnicity	^c	^c
White	42.4	32.2	47.2	47.2
African American	25.0	47.1	26.9	26.9
Hispanic	27.0	11.8	21.7	21.7
Other	5.8	4.7	4.1	4.1
Education	^c	^c	^a	^a
Less than high School	34.8	23.7	32.9	27.7
High school or GED	28.7	28.7	21.5	25.8
Some college	36.5	47.6	35.6	46.4
Marital status	^b	^b
Married	12.9	21.1	11.6	12.7
Single/never married	13.5	13.4	14.6	10.1
Divorced/separated/widowed	73.6	65.5	73.8	77.2
Project	^c	^c
12-year Cocaine Follow-up (CTE)	6.6	29.6	8.2	10.5
Methamphetamine Natural History (METH)	37.1	20.2	40.5	38.2
Treatment Utilization and Effectiveness (TUE)	16.7	13.9	18.4	12.0
Treatment Process (TPROC)	39.7	36.3	33.0	39.3
Primary drug type	^c	^c
Alcohol	3.2	6.9	3.0	3.0
Marijuana	5.2	1.0	1.0	1.0
Cocaine	26.4	53.1	30.0	30.0
Methamphetamine	47.7	27.4	52.1	52.1
Heroin	14.1	9.6	12.4	12.4
Other	3.5	2.3	1.9	1.9
Age at first
Any drug use	13.2 (2.9) ^c	15.3 (4.4) ^c	13.3 (3.0) ^c	14.4 (3.5) ^c
Primary drug use	17.0 (3.2) ^b	22.7 (7.0) ^b	17.5 (2.8) ^c	21.1 (6.2) ^c
Regular use of primary drug	18.4 (3.9) ^c	25.4 (7.6) ^c	18.7 ^c	23.7 ^c
Arrest	16.9 (4.4) ^c	20.7 (7.6) ^c	17.3 ^c	19.4 ^c
Incarceration	21.8 (5.9) ^c	28.2 (8.7) ^c	22.0 ^c	25.5 ^c
Drug treatment	22.1 (2.2) ^c	34.3 (6.5) ^c	22.3 (2.2) ^c	32.9 (5.2) ^c
First used primary drug age ≤ 14 (vs. >14)	21.8 ^c	8.1 ^c	12.0	12.0
First arrested age ≤17 (vs. >17)	59.2 ^c	39.4 ^c	54.4	54.4
Yrs from 1^st any illicit drug use to 1^st drug treatment	8.9 (3.5) ^c	19.0 (6.8) ^c	9.0 (3.6) ^c	18.5 (5.2) ^c
Mos from 1^st primary drug use to 1^st drug treatment	61.7 (41.2) ^c	139.4(92.4) ^c	58.0 (38.5) ^c	142.0(84.1) ^c
1-year pre-first treatment, total mos
Any drug use	10.1 (3.4)	10.2 (3.3)	10.0 (3.5)	9.7 (3.6)
Primary drug use	8.3 (4.7) ^c	9.2 (4.0) ^c	8.0 (4.8) ^c	8.7 (4.3) ^c
Incarceration	1.1 (2.7)	1.1 (2.7)	1.2 (2.8) ^b	1.4 (2.9) ^b
Employment	4.2 (5.1) ^c	5.4 (5.4) ^c	4.4 (5.2)	4.7 (5.5)
10-years post-first treatment, total mos
Used any drug	47.4 (36.1) ^a	42.0 (39.3) ^a	49.4 (33.5) ^c	33.5 (34.9) ^c
Used primary drug	33.6 (33.3) ^b	27.1 (31.7) ^b	34.9 (32.5) ^c	21.0 (26.7) ^c
Incarcerated	9.3 (16.5) ^c	4.9 (12.0) ^c	10.4 (17.8) ^b	6.8 (14.9) ^b
In drug treatment	12.9 (13.9)	11.8 (14.3)	12.7 (12.8)	11.5 (12.0)
Employed	28.1 (35.1) ^c	36.5 (41.6) ^c	31.5 (36.1)	28.7 (35.5)

p < 0.05.

p < 0.01.

p < 0.001.