Table 3.
Differences in Ped-ANAM performance with differences in cognitive function as measured by formal neuropsychological assessment
| Ped-ANAM scores # | Ped-ANAM Subtest | Mean ± SE | p-value† | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (I) Normal cognition | (II) Mild NCD¥ | (III) Moderate/severe NCD¥ | (I)vs(II) | (I) vs (III) | (II) vs (III) | ||
| AC | Code Substitution Delayed | 79.61 ± 1.82 | 77.91 ± 2.54 | 64.27 ± 5.19 | NS | 0.018 | 0.050 |
| Code Substitution | 96.16 ± 0.53 | 96.02 ± 0.74 | 89.86 ± 1.51 | NS | 0.001 | 0.001 | |
| Continuous Performance Test | 83.67 ± 2.79 | 78.20 ± 3.98 | 59.49 ± 7.97 | NS | 0.015 | NS | |
| Logical Relations | 95.56 ± 0.79 | 95.87 ± 1.11 | 87.06 ± 2.26 | NS | 0.002 | 0.002 | |
| Matching to Sample | 85.00 ± 2.29 | 80.52 ± 3.21 | 63.00 ± 6.56 | NS | 0.006 | 0.049 | |
| Matching Grids | 92.65 ± 1.27 | 92.90 ± 1.77 | 85.83 ± 3.62 | NS | NS | NS | |
| Mathematical Processing | 90.00 ± 0.83 | 90.00 ± 1.16 | 86.20 ± 2.37 | NS | NS | NS | |
| Procedural Reaction Time | 96.07 ± 0.73 | 94.24 ± 1.03 | 93.33 ± 2.10 | NS | NS | NS | |
| Spatial Processing | 91.99 ± 1.13 | 90.40 ± 1.58 | 74.81 ± 3.23 | NS | 0.000 | 0.000 | |
| Sternberg Memory Search | 92.08 ± 1.14 | 90.92 ± 1.59 | 87.78 ± 3.25 | NS | NS | NS | |
| CVc | Code Substitution Delayed | 0.55 ± 0.03 | 0.58 ± 0.04 | 0.76 ± 0.09 | NS | NS | NS |
| Code Substitution | 0.34 ± 0.01 | 0.36 ± 0.02 | 0.42 ± 0.04 | NS | NS | NS | |
| Continuous Performance Test | 0.32 ± 0.01 | 0.36 ± 0.02 | 0.60 ± 0.04 | NS | 0.000 | 0.000 | |
| Logical Relations | 0.30 ± 0.01 | 0.32 ± 0.02 | 0.40 ± 0.04 | NS | 0.019 | NS | |
| Matching to Sample | 0.46 ± 0.02 | 0.45 ± 0.03 | 0.71 ± 0.06 | NS | 0.001 | 0.001 | |
| Matching Grids | 0.28 ± 0.01 | 0.34 ± 0.02 | 0.38 ± 0.04 | 0.033 | 0.048 | NS | |
| Mathematical Processing | 0.36 ± 0.02 | 0.42 ± 0.03 | 0.48 ± 0.06 | NS | NS | NS | |
| Procedural Reaction Time | 0.29 ± 0.02 | 0.29 ± 0.02 | 0.41 ± 0.05 | NS | 0.050 | NS | |
| Spatial Processing | 0.36 ± 0.02 | 0.40 ± 0.02 | 0.48 ± 0.05 | NS | 0.030 | NS | |
| Sternberg Memory Search | 0.40 ± 0.03 | 0.51 ± 0.04 | 0.36 ± 0.08 | NS | NS | NS | |
| MNc | Code Substitution Delayed | 1.22 ± 0.05 | 1.29 ± 0.07 | 0.72 ± 0.15 | NS | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Code Substitution | 1.14 ± 0.04 | 1.25 ± 0.06 | 0.98 ± 0.12 | NS | NS | NS | |
| Continuous Performance Test | 0.59 ± 0.02 | 0.63 ± 0.03 | 0.55 ± 0.05 | NS | NS | NS | |
| Logical Relations | 1.54 ± 0.07 | 1.72 ± 0.10 | 1.46 ± 0.21 | NS | NS | NS | |
| Matching to Sample | 2.08 ± 0.08 | 2.49 ± 0.12 | 1.68 ± 0.24 | NS | NS | 0.009 | |
| Matching Grids | 1.71 ± 0.08 | 2.10 ± 0.11 | 1.67 ± 0.22 | 0.009 | NS | NS | |
| Mathematical Processing | 1.57 ± 0.10 | 1.78 ± 0.14 | 1.79 ± 0.28 | NS | NS | NS | |
| Procedural Reaction Time | 0.60 ± 0.02 | 0.61 ± 0.02 | 0.57 ± 0.05 | NS | NS | NS | |
| Spatial Processing | 2.09 ± 0.09 | 2.44 ± 0.13 | 1.71 ± 0.26 | NS | NS | 0.038 | |
| Sternberg Memory Search | 0.92 ± 0.04 | 1.03 ± 0.06 | 0.74 ± 0.11 | NS | NS | NS | |
| Simple Reaction Time | 0.29 ± 0.01 | 0.31 ± 0.02 | 0.43 ± 0.03 | NS | 0.001 | 0.003 | |
AC = Percentage of correct responses per subtest; MNc = Mean reaction time for correct response in seconds; CVc = Consistency or SD of reaction time for a correct response / MNc
Neurocognitive dysfunction (NCD) categories are defined as follows based on z-scores of the standardized tests completed for the formal neuropsychological testing in four functional domains (attention/executive function; processing speed; visuoconstructional memory; working memory). Normal if all z scores ≥ -1; mild to moderate NCD if one or two domain z-scores < -1 or one domain z-score ≤ -2; and severe NCD if more than one domain z-score < -2 or more than two domain z-scores < -1..
p-values are adjusted for multiple comparison using a Tukey's method.