Table 1.

Summary of the presence of HFOs, resections, and surgical outcome

			Surgical procedure			Pathology
	No./total	%	Temporal	ExtraT.	Multilobar	FCD	TSC	Other
Total No. patients identified	48
Total No. patients included in this study	44
Presence of ictal HFOs (*p = 0.001)	41/44	93
Complete HFOs resection	22/41	54
Surgical outcome
Seizure-free	18/22	82	6	5	7	12	5	1 (chronic inflammation)
>90%	2/22	9	1	0	1	2	0	0
>50%	2/22	9	0	2	0	0	2	0
No improvement	0/22	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Incomplete HFO resection	19/41	46
Surgical outcome
Seizure-free	4/19	21	0	2	2	3	1	0
>90%	4/19	21	0	3	1	3	0	1 (subpial gliosis)
>50%	6/19	32	2	2	2	6	0	0
No improvement	5/19	26	1	1	3	5	0	0
No HFOs presence	3/44	7
Surgical outcome
Seizure-free	1/3		0	1	0	3	0	0
>90%	1/3		1	0	0	0	0	0
>50%	1/3		1	0	0	0	0	0

HFOs, high-frequency oscillations; SOZ, seizure-onset zone; ExtraT., extratemporal; FCD, focal cortical dysplasia; TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex; >90%, >90% seizure reduction; >50%, >50% seizure reduction.

^*p-value: Fisher's exact test – two sided p-value.