Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Arch Ophthalmol. 2011 Nov 14;130(3):350–356. doi: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2011.360

Table 4.

Stratified Analysis of Retinal Microvascular Signs and the Rate of Incident Activity of Daily Living Disability

Disease Status at Baseline Incidence Rate* by Number of Retinal Signs
HR† 95% CI P-value
≥ 2 Retinal Signs n (%) < 2 Retinal Signs n (%)
By Diabetes Status
 Absent 24 / 241 (9.9) 263 / 3812 (6.9) 1.33 1.06–1.68 0.015
 Present 6 / 57 (10.6) 47 / 568 (8.3) 1.54 0.65–3.68 0.325
By Cardiovascular Disease Status
 Absent 23 / 231 (10.0) 229 / 3340 (6.9) 1.35 1.00–1.82 0.051
 Present 7 / 67 (10.4) 81 / 1040 (7.8) 1.25 0.62–2.50 0.531

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.

*

Incidence rate was presented in the number of disability per total person-years (the number of disability per 100 person-years).

†

Adjusted for age, gender, white race, current smoking, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, natural logarithm of C-reactive protein, natural logarithm of internal carotid artery intima-media thickness, antihypertensive medication use, lipid-lowering medication use, and self-reported disability in performing instrumental activities of daily living at baseline, plus prevalent cardiovascular disease (for diabetes analysis) and diabetes status (for cardiovascular disease analysis).