CXCR4 activation is necessary for maximal growth of SHH-driven medulloblastomas. A, proliferation of SmoA1 tumor cells was measured as described in Materials and Methods after treatment with media alone (vehicle), CXCL12 (1 µg/µL), AMD3100 (2.5 ng/mL), or a combination of the 2. Mean absorbances ± SEM normalized to vehicle are shown (n = 3). CXCL12 induced modest but significant proliferation compared with vehicle (%, P < 0.001); this was blocked by AMD (#, P < 0.001). B, AMD3100 blocked SmoA1 tumor growth in mice. Presented are tumor volume measurements for each mouse in the control (PBS) and AMD3100-treated (AMD) groups obtained over the 11-day treatment period. Each bar represents the volume measurement for a single mouse on a given day. Each day (0, 2, 4, 7, 9, and 11) is represented by a shade between white to black as indicated. Treatment was initiated on day 0, 4 weeks after tumor implantation. Fold growth for day 11 compared with day 1 is indicated beneath each mouse and mean fold tumor growth over the entire treatment period for PBS (n = 7, dark box) and AMD3100-treated (n = 5, dark circle) animals is shown in the inset. AMD treatment significantly reduced tumor volume (%, P < 0.05, by 2-way ANOVA).