Table 1. The published reports on different computerized methods.
| Authors | Year | Aim | Sample size | Methods | Digital tracing software | Results (+/−) |
| Oliver21 | 1991 | M | 5 | Manual tracing method vs digitized conventional imagea and digitalized video imageb | CC ISI | + |
| Macri and Wenzel25 | 1993 | L | 20 | Digitized conventional imagea vs digitalized video imageb | Computerized cephalometric program | + |
| Nimkarn and Miles26 | 1995 | M | 40 | Manual tracing method vs digitalized video imageb | Quick Ceph (Quick Ceph System, Inc., San Diego, CA) | + |
| Lim and Foong29 | 1997 | L | 20 | Manual tracing method vs storage phosphor imagec | + | |
| Geelen et al17 | 1998 | L | 19 | Manual tracing method vs storage phosphor imagec (Sandwich technique) | Computerized cephalometric program | + |
| Chen et al15 | 2000 | L | 10 | Manual tracing method vs scanned digital imaged | Customized software program | + |
| Turner and Weerakone28 | 2001 | L | 25 | Digitized conventional imagea vs scanned digital imaged | Customized software program | + |
| Ongkosuwito et al9 | 2002 | M | 20 | Manual tracing method vs scanned digital imaged | AOCeph™ (American Orthodontics, Sheboygan, WI) | + |
| Gregston et al19 | 2004 | M | 10 | Manual tracing method vs scanned digital imaged and storage phosphor image (Sandwich technique) | Dolphin (Dolphin Imaging, Chatsworth, CA) and Vistadent™ (GAC TechnoCenter, Bohemia, NY) | + |
| Gossett et al18 | 2005 | M | 31 | Manual tracing method vs scanned digital imaged | Dolphin | + |
| Power et al24 | 2005 | M | 60 | Manual tracing method vs scanned digital imaged | Dolphin | + |
| Santoro et al7 | 2006 | M | 50 | Manual tracing method vs storage phosphor imagec(Sandwich technique) | Dolphin | + |
| Bruntz et al14 | 2006 | M | 30 | Manual tracing method vs scanned digital imaged | Dolphin | + |
| Sayisu et al13 | 2007 | M | 30 | Manual tracing method vs scanned digital imaged | Dolphin | − |
| Celik et al23 | 2009 | M | 125 | Manual tracing method vs digitized conventional imagea and direct digital imagec | JOE (Rocky Mountain Orthodontics, Denver, Co) Vistadent | + |
| Polat-Ozsoy et al8 | 2009 | M | 30 | Manual tracing method vs direct digital imagec | Vistadent | + |
| Naoumova and Lindman20 | 2009 | L + M | 30 | Manual tracing method vs scanned digital imaged | FACAD (Ilexis AB, Linköping, Sweden) | + |
| Uysal et al22 | 2009 | M | 100 | Manual tracing method vs scanned digital imaged | Dolphin | + |
L, evaluate the landmarks location; M, evaluate the measurements
a Digitizing of conventional radiograph (direct image or tracing paper) using digitizer pad
b Export image using digital camera and projected on screen
c Transmitting digital radiographs to computer database and projected on screen directly
d Scanned a conventional radiograph into digital software program and projected on screen
+ Statistically significant difference in one or more variables
− No statistically significant differences