Exhibit 2.
Characteristic | Total (N = 708) | Baseline period (n = 103) | Intervention period (n = 605) |
---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographic characteristics | |||
Average age (years) | 75a | 74b | 75c |
White | 97% | 99% | 97% |
Male | 97 | 98 | 97 |
Lives alone | 39 | 41 | 39 |
Medicaid | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Education level | |||
<8 years | 10 | 10 | 11 |
Some high school | 16 | 19 | 15 |
High school diplomad | 39 | 39 | 40 |
Some college | 24 | 25 | 24 |
College degree | 10 | 8 | 11 |
Comorbidities and disease severity | |||
Previous hospitalization in past 12 months | 69** | 79** | 68** |
Average Charlson comorbidity Score | 6.2e | 6.5e | 6.1e |
Functional measures, 2 weeks prior to hospitalization | |||
Additional help neededf | 27% | 22% | 28% |
Increased difficulty standing or walking | 44 | 46 | 43 |
Manages own medications | 67 | 64 | 67 |
Source: Authors’ analysis.
Notes: Baseline period was April–September 2010. Intervention period was October 2010–March 2012. Charlson comorbidity score calculated as described in Charlson M, Szatrowski TP, Peterson J, Gold J. Validation of a combined comorbidity index. J Clin Epidemiol. 1994;47(11):1245–51. Charlson M, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR. A New Method of Classifying Prognostic Comorbidity in Longitudinal Studies: Development and Validation. J Chronic Dis. 1987;40(5):373–383.See Appendix Table 1 for additional details (see Note 21 in text).
Standard deviation: 8.4.
Standard deviation: 7.3
Standard deviation: 8.6.
Or graduate equivalency degree (GED).
Standard deviation: 3.9.
With one or more of the following activities: bathing, dressing, transferring to or from bed or toilet.
p < 0.05