Targeting the TGFβ signalling pathway in disease

. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2012 Sep 24;11(10):790–811. doi: 10.1038/nrd3810

Molecular category	TGFp pathway^*	Activin/inhibin/Nodal pathway^*	BMP pathway^*
Ligands	TGFβ1, TGFβ2, TGFβ3	Activin A, activin B, inhibin A, inhibin B, Nodal	BMP2, BMP4, BMP5, BMP6, BMP7, BMP8A, BMP8B, BMP9, BMP10
Type I receptors	TβRI(ALK5), ALK1 (ACVRLlorSKR3)	ALK4(ACVR1Bor ACTRIB), ALK7 (ACVR1C or ACTRIC)	ALK1 (ACVRL1, SKR3), ALK2 (ACVR1, ACTRI), ALK3 (BMPR1A), ALK6 (BMPR1B)
Type II receptors	TβRII	ACTRIIA, ACTRIIB	BMPR2, ACTRIIA, ACTRIIB
Type III receptors	TβRIII (betaglycan), endoglin, CRIPT03 (TDGF1P3)	CRIPT01 (TDGF1), CRIPT03 (TDGF1P3),TβRIII (betaglycan)	RGMA, RGMB (DRAGON), RGMC (HJV or HFE2), endoglin
R-SMADs	SMAD2, SMAD3	SMAD2, SMAD3	SMAD1, SMAD5, SMAD8
Co-SMAD	SMAD4	SMAD4	SMAD4
I-SMADs	SMAD7	SMAD7	SMAD6, SMAD7

Alternative protein names are listed in brackets. ACTR, activin receptor; ALK, activin receptor-like kinase; BMP bone morphogenetic protein; BMPR, BMP receptor; RGM, repulsive guidance molecule; Tβ3R, TGFβ receptor; TDGF, teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor.