Table 1. Socio-demographic and HIV-related characteristics of MAMAS study participants (N = 1777).
| Variable | Mean (median, range) or N (%) |
| Mean age (median, range) | 23.58 (22, 18–49) |
| Mean number of pregnancies (median, range) | 3.22 (3, 1–16) |
| Education, n (%) | |
| Primary school (elementary) or less | 1483 (83.5) |
| Secondary school (high school) or more | 294 (16.5) |
| Religion, n (%) | |
| Roman Catholic | 331 (18.6) |
| Seventh Day Adventist | 582 (32.8) |
| Other | 862 (48.5) |
| Luo Ethnicity, n (%) | 1641 (92.3) |
| Currently married, n (%) | 1554 (87.5) |
| Currently living with male partner, n (%) | 1546 (87.0) |
| Male partner has other wives, n (%) (n = 1546) | 439 (28.4) |
| Occupation, n (%) | |
| Housework | 402 (22.7) |
| Selling things/fish monger | 355 (20.0) |
| Farming/agricultural work/manual labor | 742 (41.8) |
| Male partner’s occupation, n (%) (n = 1545) | |
| Selling things | 172 (11.1) |
| Farming/agricultural work | 586 (37.9) |
| Fishing | 188 (12.2) |
| Manual labor | 243 (15.7) |
| Household goods, n (%) | |
| Television | 187 (10.5) |
| Mobile phone | 839 (47.2) |
| Radio | 1330 (74.0) |
| HIV status1, n (%) | |
| Positive | 259 (14.7) |
| Negative | 1205 (68.2) |
| Refused testing | 99 (5.6) |
| Service not available | 203 (11.5) |
| Anticipated male partner stigma related to HIV | 627 (35.3) |
| Anticipated family stigma related to HIV | 621 (34.9) |
| Anticipated stigma from others related to HIV | 1051 (59.1) |
1
obtained from medical chart after the interview, based on offer of HIV testing during the first ANC visit.