Table 3. Multivariate GEE analysis of predictors for ongoing drug use during 9 month MMT in HIV+ drug users.

	Reported Drug Use			(+) Urine Heroin Test
	AOR (95% CI)		p	AOR (95% CI)		p
I. Individual
1.1. Demographic
Age	0.97	(0.94; 1.00)	0.06
Religion: - Buddhism	0.41	(0.13; 1.28)	0.13
Under High school education				1.30	(0.84;2.02)	0.24
Married	0.88	(0.36; 2.16)	0.78
Employment:
Can't get a job				0.46	(0.19; 1.13)	0.09
1.2. Morbidity
Taking ART	1.43	(0.96; 2.13)	0.08	2.05	(1.36; 3.09)	<0.001
Had health concerns	1.54	(1.01; 2.37)	0.05
1.3. History of drug use
Frequency of drug use (times/day)				1.62	(1.18; 2.23)	<0.001
History of drug detoxification
Reason for drug relapsing:
Induced by peers	1.32	(0.89; 1.98)	0.17	1.79	(1.16; 2.74)	0.01
Desire, craving for drug	1.53	(0.99; 2.37)	0.06
II. Family
Have economic dependents	0.33	(0.12; 0.88)	0.03
Cohabitants:
Parents				0.84	(0.53; 1.34)	0.46
Husband or wife	0.86	(0.33; 2.22)	0.76
Children	0.81	(0.41; 1.62)	0.56
Relatives				0.65	(0.32; 1.33)	0.24
Partners				2.00	(0.94; 4.25)	0.07
III. Interpersonal
Had injected partners	4.93	(0.66; 36.79)	0.12	2.94	(0.59; 14.59)	0.19
IV. Services access and utilization
4.1. Referral
VCT	0.97	(0.62; 1.52)	0.89
OI treatment				1.29	(0.69; 2.44)	0.43
TB treatment	0.53	(0.31; 0.91)	0.02	0.55	(0.30; 1.00)	0.05
Mental health care	0.91	(0.50; 1.65)	0.75	0.80	(0.45; 1.42)	0.45
Social integration services				0.99	(0.61; 1.62)	0.98
Peer-education	1.19	(0.71; 2.01)	0.51	0.77	(0.44; 1.34)	0.35
Social services (loan, housing)	0.59	(0.25; 1.43)	0.25	0.77	(0.35; 1.70)	0.51
Legal services	0.78	(0.29; 2.10)	0.63	0.77	(0.32; 1.84)	0.55
4.2. Utilization
TB treatment	3.11	(1.46; 6.60)	<0.001
Peer-education	0.62	(0.26; 1.50)	0.29	0.61	(0.28; 1.35)	0.22