Table 2. Previous studies measuring or estimating the energy expenditure of stair climbing.

	N	Stair step Pattern	Stair step rate(per min)/Totalascent duration (s)§	Height of stair steps (m)	Mean participant body mass (kg)	Method	Mean energy expenditure during stairway ascending (kcal min−1)
O’ Connell et al. (1986) [22]	17	Single	80	0.20	82	Stair treadmill	8.9*
Butts et al. (1993) [23]	28	Single	60, 77, 95, 102	0.20	69	Stepper	13**
Bassett et al. (1997) [24]	18	Single	70	0.20	67	Motorised escalator	10.1
Boreham et al. (2002) [4]	12	Single	88/∼135	0.17	56	Public stairway (Singleascent of 32.8 m)	7.8*
Teh and Aziz (2002) [5]	103	Single	95/116	0.15	61	Public stairway (Singleascent of 27 m)	10.2
Aziz and Teh (2005) [7]	30	Single and double	Single = 100 double = 50/149	0.15	60	Public stairway (Singleascent of 27 m)	Single = 10.4† double = 9.9
Gottschall et al. (2010) [6]	12	Single and double	Single = 109 double = 83/420	n/a	70	Treadmill at 30° incline(Single ascent)	Single = 9.9† double = 11.3
Present study	14	Single and double	Single = 90.6 double = 55.8/52	0.16	64	Public stairway(Multiple ascents anddescents of 14.05m)	Single = 8.5† double = 9.2

^*Calculated from values.

^**Estimated from Figure 2 [23]; values at 95 steps per min.

^†Statistically significant difference.

^§Where single and double step conditions were undertaken, the value given is the mean across conditions.