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. 2012 Nov 23;109(47):803–813. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2012.0803

eTable 1. Global assessment of the study’s methodological quality (guided by the “summary assessment of risk of bias” of the Cochrane Collaboration [e1]), relevance for the guideline (3).

Assessment Methodological quality Influence on validity of study results
Most relevant Bias can be largely ruled out or cannot be identified Low risk of bias; any bias will have at most a small effect on study results
Relevant Bias can be largely ruled out, slight errors may exist in some areas or cannot be assessed Low risk of bias; any bias will have at most a small effect on study results
Fairly relevant Identifiable but not serious bias present in some areas Uncertain risk of bias; study results may be affected
Relevance doubtful Slight bias identified in several areas, or some areas cannot be assessed with sufficient certainty because of inadequate description Risk of bias; study results probably affected
Not relevant More than slight bias identified in several areas, or such bias cannot be ruled out with sufficient certainty because of inadequate description High risk of bias; an effect on study results must be assumed