Table 3.

Clinical Characteristics of Patients in Whom Refractory Ascites Developed during Follow-Up Period (n=16)

TIPS, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt; RA, refractory ascites; INR, international normalized ratio; WBC, white blood cell; SAAG, serum ascites albumin gradient; HBV, hepatitis B virus.

Variables are expressed as mean±SD or n (%).

^*Portosystemic shunt procedure included peritoneo-venous shunt and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt.

^†Renal failure was defined as acute or chronic renal failure, but not hepatorenal syndrome.