Table 1.
Characteristics of the population.
| Non-obese smokers | Non-obese non-smokers | Obese smokers | Obese non-smokers | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 25 | 113 | 31 | 144 |
| Age (years) | 43.7 ± 12.5 | 53.4 ± 13.0§§ | 52.9 ± 11.6§§ | 58.5 ± 8.7§ |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.23 ± 1.58 | 22.49 ± 1.79 | 28.39 ± 3.35*** | 28.60 ± 3.17*** |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 78.6 ± 8.0 | 78.4 ± 7.1 | 95.3 ± 11.7*** | 93.5 ± 9.5*** |
| BPsys (mmHg) | 113 ± 15 | 127 ± 19§§§ | 134 ± 16§§ | 139 ± 18**§§§ |
| BPdias (mmHg) | 72 ± 11 | 79 ± 10§§ | 82 ± 8§§ | 85 ± 9**§§§ |
| Leukocytes (GPt/l) | 6.50 ± 1.83*** | 5.51 ± 1.32 | 6.21 ± 1.67 | 6.05 ± 1.47** |
| CRP# (mg/l) | 2.82 | 2.14 | 2.83 | 2.88* |
| SAA (mg/l) | 7.81 ± 1.26* | 4.22 ± 1.48 | 5.35 ± 3.24 | 6.74 ± 4.04* |
| TNFα# (ng/ml) | 10.54 | 9.80 | 8.91 | 17.81 |
| IL-6# (ng/ml) | 2.82 | 2.60 | 2.27 | 2.40 |
| TG (mmol/l) | 1.20 ± 0.75 | 1.14 ± 1.60 | 1.58 ± 0.74** | 1.29 ± 0.64* |
| TC (mmol/l) | 5.40 ± 0.93* | 5.78 ± 1.00 | 5.97 ± 0.64** | 5.90 ± 0.89 |
| LDL-C (mmol/l) | 3.19 ± 0.75* | 3.56 ± 0.94 | 3.96 ± 0.67*** | 3.78 ± 0.83§ |
| HDL-C (mmol/l) | 2.07 ± 0.46 | 2.12 ± 0.50 | 1.71 ± 0.44**§ | 1.91 ± 0.45§§§ |
| TSH (U/l) | 2.14 ± 2.40 | 1.55 ± 1.00 | 1.63 ± 0.99 | 1.68 ± 1.11 |
| HOMA | 1.62 ± 0.58 | 2.17 ± 4.14 | 3.15 ± 2.18**§§ | 2.98 ± 2.10** |
| Adiponectin (μg/ml) | 16.88 ± 8.85* | 20.76 ± 9.89 | 14.14 ± 7.68** | 16.29 ± 8.01*** |
| Leptin (ng/ml) | 8.84 ± 4.92 | 11.49 ± 6.37 | 18.62 ± 13.46**§§ | 22.16 ± 12.16** §§ |
| A/L ratio | 2.61 ± 1.83 | 2.45 ± 1.78 | 1.20 ± 0.86** §§ | 1.14 ± 1.42***§§ |
*P < 0.05. **P < 0.01. ***P < 0.001 vs. non-obese non-smoker; §P < 0.05. §§P < 0.01. §§§P < 0.001 vs. non-obese smoker; #median and interquartile; &reference group (see text for details).