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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Dec 13.
Published in final edited form as: Prog Neurobiol. 2010 Oct 16;93(1):23–58. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2010.09.003

Table 5.

Comparison of effect sizes between biomarker/clinically derived maternal risk factors and susceptibility genes for schizophrenia.

Environmental exposures Effect sizea Susceptibility genes (SNPs) Effect sizea
Influenza 1st half of pregnancy 3.0 Neuregulin (NRG1) 0.90–1.27
Toxoplasmosis high (1:128–1:1024) 2.6 DISC 1 0.77–1.46
Genital/reproductive periconception 5.3 Dysbindin 0.14–2.01
Respiratory infection 2nd trimester 2.1 COMT 0.76–1.49
HSV-2 1.51–1.6 DAOA (G72) 0.71–1.26
Hemoglobin 1.60–3.73 RGS4 0.78–1.22
Homocysteine 2.39
Lead (d-ALA) 1.58–2.43
a

Odds ratios are provided for influenza, toxoplasmosis, herpes simplex virus, homocysteine, lead, and for all of the susceptibility genes (SNPs). Rate ratios are provided for hemoglobin and genital/reproductive infection.