Voltage configuration. (a) Sample loading (5 s); (b) injection (3 s, or more); (c) dispensing to get plateau height for free aptamer; (d) dispensing to get plateau height for bound aptamer. SR, sample reservoir; SW, sample waste reservoir; BR, buffer reservoir; BW, buffer waste reservoir; F, floating; and G, ground. Voltages are in the unit of kilovolts (kV). See text for details.