Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of a cohort of newly-diagnosed HIV-infected adults in Durban, South Africa surveyed before HIV testing and diagnosis by depressive symptoms
| No depressive symptomsa (%) | Depressive symptoms (%) | Test statistic χ2 unless indicated | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 699 (45) | 846 (55) | ||
| Demographic factors | ||||
| Age (years, median, IQRb) | 33 (27–40) | 35 (29–42) | −4.42c | < 0.001 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 335 (43) | 442 (57) | 2.86 | 0.09 |
| Male | 364 (47) | 404 (53) | ||
| Education | ||||
| None or primary | 148 (43) | 199 (57) | 14.46 | 0.001 |
| Some high school | 354 (51) | 344 (49) | ||
| High school or more | 189 (40) | 283 (60) | ||
| Employment | ||||
| No full-time job | 368 (46) | 437 (54) | 0.15 | 0.70 |
| Full-time job | 327 (45) | 404 (55) | ||
| Clinic site | ||||
| Urban | 110 (17) | 543 (83) | 368.17 | < 0.001 |
| Rural | 589 (66) | 303 (34) | ||
| Distance from clinic | ||||
| < 10 km | 354 (47) | 393 (53) | 2.62 | 0.10 |
| ≥10 km | 341 (43) | 447 (57) | ||
| Household factors | ||||
| Living arrangement | ||||
| Lives alone | 113 (55) | 93 (45) | 19.80 | < 0.001 |
| Lives with partner | 135 (53) | 121 (47) | ||
| Lives with relatives/friends | 426 (41) | 604 (59) | ||
| Lives with employer | 22 (47) | 25 (53) | ||
| Marital status | ||||
| Currently married | 85 (36) | 150 (64) | 10.48 | 0.001 |
| Not married | 610 (48) | 671 (52) | ||
| HIV-infected family member or friend | ||||
| Yes | 170 (60) | 115 (40) | 29.37 | < 0.001 |
| No | 523 (42) | 724 (58) | ||
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| HIV testing referral pattern | ||||
| Referred by healthcare provider | 182 (24) | 567 (76) | 257.74 | < 0.001 |
| Self-referral | 515 (65) | 277 (35) | ||
| History of TB treatment | ||||
| Yes | 105 (45) | 126 (55) | 0.02 | 0.89 |
| No | 588 (45) | 720 (55) | ||
| Self health rating | ||||
| Very good | 123 (81) | 28 (19) | 95.69 | < 0.001 |
| Good | 342 (44) | 444 (56) | ||
| Fair | 192 (40) | 285 (60) | ||
| Poor/bad | 34 (30) | 78 (70) | ||
| Functional activity score (IQR) | 95 (75–100) | 90 (55–100) | 4.85c | < 0.001 |
a
Depressive symptoms are defined as an Mental Health Index-5 (MHI-5) score ≤60
b
IQR: 25% and 75% interquartile range
c
Test statistic: t-test for continuous variables