Heterogeneous functional responses after stimulation of CLL cells via TLRs and/or NOD2. (A) TLR1/2, TLR2/6, TLR7, TLR9 and NOD2 stimulation variably induced the expression of CD25 and/or CD86. In contrast, CLL cells were unresponsive to TLR4 and TLR8 stimulation. Results from flow cytometry analysis for three representative cases. (B) Generally, TLR7 stimulation induced apoptosis on d 6 and 9, whereas TLR1/2, TLR2/6 and NOD2 stimulation had an antiapoptotic effect on d 9, albeit with interpatient variation. The graph shows median values of annexin V−/PI− cells. Before statistical analysis values were normalized to the unstimulated controls.