Table 2.
Characteristics of participants and prevalence of coronary artery and aortic calcium by smoking category in Japanese men aged 40–49
| Never smokers | Smokers with lower pack-years (less than 16.0 pack-year) |
Smokers with higher pack-years (16.0 pack-year or more) |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number (%) | 57 (18.2) | 126 (40.3) | 130 (41.5) | - |
| Age (years) | 44.1 (2.7) | 44.9 (2.9) | 45.7 (2.5) | |
| Pack-years of smoking | - (−) | 11.8 (7.0) | 35.9 (12.2) | *¶ |
| Alcohol consumption (g/day) | 13.9 (18.2) | 26.5 (28.4) | 32.8 (30.9) | *¶ |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.0 (2.9) | 24.1 (3.0) | 23.2 (3.2) | |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 105.0 (12.4) | 107.5 (15.2) | 107.1 (106.8) | |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 220.0 (34.8) | 215.1 (38.0) | 218.1 (34.6) | |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 141.9 (63.4) | 151.4 (78.4) | 163.9 (89.2) | |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 53.0 (12.7) | 53.7 (13.3) | 54.9 (14.3) | |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 138.5 (33.5) | 131.0 (35.1) | 130.7 (37.6) | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 125.5 (15.2) | 124.8 (15.5) | 125.0 (17.1) | |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 76.4 (12.2) | 76.8 (12.1) | 76.4 (11.7) | |
| Coronary artery calcification (%, [95% CI]) CAC score ≥ 10 | 5.3, [1.8, 14.4] | 7.9, [4.4, 14.0] | 17.7, [12.1, 25.2] | ¶ |
| Aortic calcification (%, [95%CI)) | ||||
| AC score > 0 | 19.3, [11.1, 31.3] | 25.4, [18.6, 33.7] | 52.3, [43.8, 60.7] | ¶ |
| AC score ≥ 100 | 3.5, [1.0, 11.9] | 9.5, [5.5, 9.5] | 35.4, [27.7, 43.9] | ¶ |
Values are expressed as means (standard deviations) for continuous variables and numbers (percentages) for categorical variables.
HDL indicates high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; CI, confidence interval; CAC, coronary artery calcium; AC, aortic calcium.
*
indicates P<0.05 between no smokers and smokers with lower pack-year;
¶
P<0.05 between no smokers and smokers with higher pack-year.