Table 2.
Demographic data
| Characteristics | OC | LC | Comparisons P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TLC & LCC | TLC | LCC | OC versus TLC & LCC | OC versus TLC versus LCC | ||
| No. of procedures | 383 | 2857 | 2445 | 412 | ||
| Weighted no. of procedures | 1852 | 13809 | 11794 | 2015 | ||
| Age (mean ± SD) | 62.6 ± 14.5 | 61.3 ± 13.6 | 61.4 ± 13.6 | 60.8 ± 13.0 | 0.134 | 0.155 |
| Femalea | 897 (48.4%) | 6984 (50.6%) | 6105 (51.8%) | 879 (43.6%) | 0.422 | 0.006 |
| Raceb | 0.949 | 0.842 | ||||
| White | 889 (68.1%) | 7203 (67.8%) | 6114 (67.5%) | 1089 (69.5%) | ||
| Black | 120 (9.2%) | 1020 (9.6%) | 869 (9.6%) | 151 (9.6%) | ||
| Hispanic | 226 (17.3%) | 1853 (17.4%) | 1589 (17.5%) | 264 (16.8%) | ||
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 32 (2.4%) | 221 (2.1%) | 182 (2.0%) | 39 (2.5%) | ||
| Native American | 5 (0.4%) | 105 (1.0%) | 105 (1.2%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Other | 33 (2.5%) | 225 (2.1%) | 200 (2.2%) | 25 (1.6%) | ||
| Insurance statusc | 0.325 | 0.536 | ||||
| Medicare | 983 (53.1%) | 7076 (51.3%) | 6080 (51.6%) | 996 (49.5%) | ||
| Medicaid | 295 (15.9%) | 1755 (12.7%) | 1509 (12.8%) | 246 (12.2%) | ||
| Private including HMO | 439 (23.7%) | 3743 (27.1%) | 3154 (26.8%) | 589 (29.3%) | ||
| Self-pay | 69 (3.7%) | 702 (5.1%) | 613 (5.2%) | 89 (4.4%) | ||
| No charge | 9 (0.5%) | 102 (0.7%) | 89 (0.8%) | 13 (0.6%) | ||
| Other | 56 (3.0%) | 414 (3.0%) | 336 (2.9%) | 77 (3.9%) | ||
| Teaching statusd | 741 (40.4%) | 4481 (32.5%) | 3654 (31.1%) | 827 (41.2%) | 0.006 | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes mellituse | 489 (27.0%) | 4097 (30.0%) | 3499 (30.0%) | 598 (30.2%) | 0.244 | 0.501 |
| Hypertensione | 701 (38.7%) | 6293 (46.0%) | 5445 (46.6%) | 848 (42.7%) | 0.009 | 0.010 |
| Alcohol abusee | 320 (17.6%) | 1998 (14.6%) | 1650 (14.1%) | 348 (17.5%) | 0.123 | 0.063 |
| Congestive heart failuree | 284 (15.7%) | 1426 (10.4%) | 1262 (10.8%) | 164 (8.3%) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Chronic pulmonary diseasee | 378 (20.9%) | 2302 (16.8%) | 1957 (16.7%) | 345 (17.4%) | 0.057 | 0.148 |
| Coagulopathye | 391 (21.6%) | 1788 (13.1%) | 1554 (13.3%) | 234 (11.8%) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Fluid and electrolyte disorderse | 507 (28.0%) | 2259 (16.5%) | 1924 (16.5%) | 335 (16.9%) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Obesitye | 113 (6.2%) | 1360 (9.9%) | 1130 (9.7%) | 230 (11.6%) | 0.028 | 0.039 |
| Renal failuree | 141 (7.8%) | 798 (5.8%) | 718 (6.1%) | 80 (4.0%) | 0.147 | 0.091 |
| Deficiency anaemiase | 255 (14.1%) | 1237 (9.0%) | 1022 (8.7%) | 215 (10.8%) | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Hypothyroidisme | 129 (7.1%) | 1174 (8.6%) | 1005 (8.6%) | 168 (8.5%) | 0.320 | 0.628 |
a
One patient in TLC did not have gender information.
b
RACE: In the data, 756 out of 3240 patients (23.3%) did not have record. The comparisons among the groups were based on the available records.
c
Insurance status: four patients did not have the records.
d
Hospital teaching status: seven patients did not have records of hospital teaching status.
e
Thirty-seven patients did not have the records of comorbidities.
OC, open cholecystectomy; LC, laparoscopic cholecystectomy; LCC, open conversion; TLC, total laparoscopic; HMO, Health Maintenance Organization.