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Circuitry with molecular adaptations overlaid onto different brain regions. Multiple brain regions are implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. Depicted here are examples of molecular adaptations occurring in the glutamatergic, dopaminergic (ventral tegmental area, VTA) and GABAergic systems in depressed humans and/or following chronic stress in rodent models. Changes highlighted in red are reversed by chronic treatment with antidepressants.
