Table 2.

Posttranslational modifications.

Modification	Residues modified	Function/notes
Acetylation	Lys	Protein stability, DNA regulation
Deimination	Arg	Transcription
Disulfide bond formation	Cys	Protein stability, inter- intra- molecular crosslink
Glycosilation (N-, O-linked)	Asn (N-linked)	Cell–cell recognition, signaling
	Ser (O-linked)
Methylation	Lys, Arg	Gene regulation
Nitration	Tyr	Oxidative damage during inflammation
Phosphorylation	Tyr, Ser, Thr	Activation/inactivation, signaling
Ubiquitination	Lys	Signaling, degradation