Table 5.

Studies reporting factors from other categories relating to uptake of cardiac rehabilitation

Factors	References of studies examining uptake
	Facilitates	Deters	No relation
Language barriers
Non-English speaking background / less likely to speak English		45**	52, 60, 76, 77
Physical wellbeing
(History of) CHD	51	38, 41, 75	33, 66, 67, 70, 77
History of neurological / cognitive impairment		45**
ACS (compared to IHD)	61
Angina pain / MI	65, 51		32
Previous cardiac event or cardiac procedurea†	34, 41, 54, 65, 67, 75	34, 38**, 40**, 45**, 76**	31, 32, 33, 52, 65, 67, 76
Presence of clinical cardiac risk factorsb‡	32, 34, 65c, 75, 76, 77	34, 67, 75	19, 35, 38, 45, 50, 52, 60, 67, 77, 76
Co-morbid long-term conditionsd		31, 45**, 75, 67, 76e	35, 38, 42, 50, 52, 60, 65, 77
Family history of CHD	34, 76	75	52, 77
Increased weight & body mass index	60, 75		33, 50, 60, 67, 76, 77
Various indicators of cardiac conditionf	75	38, 40, 65**,	50
Less frequent diagnosis of angina		41
Poorer physical functioning/physical QOL		35**, 61**	36, 50, 60
On medication for cardiac problems	38, 40, 65	67g	67h
Balancing and integrating health care needs with daily life
Family obligations		50
Referrals
Not receiving an outpatient appointment		40
Culture
Foreign citizen		65, 77
Jewish (compared to Muslim)	61
Social support
Practical support	64**
Less social support		36	37, 56
Medium to large social network (versus small)	64
Role of health care professional
Perceived strength of physician recommendation / involvement of a cardiologist	31, 42, 75
Attitudes to rehabilitation
CR more suited to younger and more active individuals		48
CR is necessary/ intention to attend, previously attended CR	33, 36, 48, 51
Attitudes to exercise
Sedentary lifestyle / less regular exercise	52	38, 35, 67	32, 33, 76
Personal choices and cultural preferences
Current smoking	34, 38, 45, 75	50, 67	32, 33, 35, 52, 60, 67, 77
Demographics
Greater deprivation		36, 38, 40, 42	70
Female		34**, 35, 37, 38, 39**, 46, 57, 75, 77	31, 33, 36, 40, 42, 45, 49, 50, 52, 53, 56, 60, 65, 66, 67, 70
Older age	36, 77	31, 33**, 37, 38, 39**, 45**, 57, 75, 77	31, 33, 36, 40, 42, 49, 50, 52, 53, 56, 60, 65, 66, 67, 70
Age between 55–74 years (compared with younger and older groups) / being a pet owner	54

Regression analysis not reported [46,48-50,57,66,67,72,73].

^** Independently significant.

^†Cardiac procedures: Reperfusion (not otherwise specified), percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary bypass surgery, electrical cardioversion.

^‡ Clinical cardiac risk factors: hypertension and hyperlipidemia (includes stated high cholesterol).

^aEvenson and colleagues [34] had conflicting results for having had an event versus having had a procedure. Nielsen et al. [65], Worcester et al. [76] and Redfern et al. [67], had conflicting results for different cardiac procedures.

^b Evenson et al. [34] reported conflicting results for hypertension and hyperlipidemia with uptake correlated with (more likelihood of) hyperlipidemia) and non uptake correlated with (more likelihood of) hypertension.

^c Raised LDL cholesterol facilitating uptake in women only.

^d Includes diabetes, COPD, asthma, other undefined.

^e Men with diabetes (not observed in women).

^f Various indicators of cardiac condition included: ECG T-wave inversion (independently significant and tachycardia (not independently significant) [50]; NHAR classification (possible versus probable AMI) [40];Greater ejection fraction [50,75]; More severe cardiac infarction [38,46].

^g One (statin) of eight different medication types (e.g. anti-hypertensives) was negatively associated with attendance. All others were not associated with attendance.