Table 1.
Technique | Format | Examples of viruses |
---|---|---|
NON AMPLIFIED NUCLEIC ACID PROBES | Liquid-phase | HPV, CMV |
Solid-phase | ||
In situ hybridization | ||
AMPLIFIED NUCLEIC ACID TECHNIQUES Signal amplification techniques |
bDNA assays |
HCV, HBV, HIV |
Hybrid capture assays | HPV, CMV | |
Target amplification techniques | PCR techniques | Most of viruses |
RT-PCR | RNA virus (HCV, HIV) | |
Nested PCR | Herpesviruses | |
Multiplex PCR | Herpesviruses, respiratory viruses | |
Real-time PCR | Most of viruses | |
Transcriptional-based amplification methods | HCV (TMA-based), HIV (TMAbased, NASBA), CMV (NASBA) Enterovirus (NASBA), RSV (NASBA) | |
Strand displacement amplification | HIV | |
LAMP | Influenza A and B, CMV, HSV, VZV, BK virus, HPV | |
HDA | HIV-1, HSV 1 and 2 | |
Probe amplification techniques | Ligase chain reaction | HCV, HPV |
Cycling probe technology | ||
Cleavase-invader technology | ||
MICROARRAYS | DNA microarrays | Respiratory viruses, HCV, HPV, HIV, CNS infection viruses |
Multiplexed microsphere-based array | HIV, HCV, HSV |
HPV: human papillomavirus; CMV: cytomegalovirus; HCV: hepatitis C virus; HBV: hepatitis B virus; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; TMA: transcription-mediated amplification; NASBA: nucleic acid sequence-based amplification; RSV: respiratory syncytial virus; DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; RNA: ribonucleic acid; LAMP: loop-mediated isothermal amplification; HDA: helicase-dependent amplification.