Table 2.
Viruses | Samples | Techniques | Infections |
---|---|---|---|
CMV | CSF | Conventional qualitative PCR | CNS infection |
Blood | Real time quantitative PCR | Congenital infection | |
Hybrid capture assay | CMV immunosuppressed infections | ||
HSV | CSF | Nested PCR | Meningo-encephalitis |
Blood | Multiplex PCR | Neonatal herpes infection | |
Leucocytes | Hybrid capture assay | Generalized and visceral herpes infection in immunosuppressed patients | |
Specimens from genital ulcers or muco-cutaneous lesions | Conventional qualitative PCR | ||
Real time quantitative PCR | Dermal and genital diseases | ||
VZV | CSF | Real time quantitative PCR | CNS infection |
Exudate from skin lesions | Multiplex PCR | Cutaneous lesions | |
Broncho-alveolar lavage | Pulmonary infections | ||
Amniotic fluid | Congenital and neonatal infections | ||
EBV | CSF | Conventional qualitative PCR | Infectious mononucleosis |
Blood | In situ hybridization | Encephalitis | |
Lymphocytes | Real time quantitative PCR | Tumors | |
Tissue | NASBA, Southern blot, dot blot | ||
Parvovirus B19 | Blood | Conventional qualitative PCR | Perinatal and neonatal infections |
Bone marrow | Real time quantitative PCR | ||
Placental and fetal tissue | |||
Amniotic fluid | |||
Polyomavirus JC | CSF | Conventional qualitative PCR | Leukoencephalopathy |
Real time quantitative PCR | |||
Polyomavirus BK | Urine | Conventional qualitative PCR | Nephropathy |
Blood samples | Real time quantitative PCR | ||
Influenza and parainfluenza viruses | Respiratory samples | RT-PCR | Flu |
Real time quantitative PCR | Bronchiolitis | ||
Multiplex PCR | Croup | ||
Microarrays | Pneumonia | ||
Adenovirus | Several clinical samples | Conventional qualitative PCR | Respiratory infections |
Real time quantitative PCR | Ocular infections | ||
Gastrointestinal infections | |||
Enterovirus | CSF | RT-PCR | CNS infection |
Real time quantitative PCR | |||
HPV | Cervical exudates and biopsies | Type-specific PCR | Cervical lesions |
Warts biopsies | General primers PCR | Warts | |
Other biopsies | Liquid hybridization | ||
HPV mRNA detection | |||
Microarrays | |||
Hepatitis viruses | Serum or plasma | Real time quantitative PCR | Chronic infections (viral load) |
Liver tissue | Hybridization | Genotyping | |
Sequencing | |||
HIV | Plasma | Real time quantitative PCR | Viral load detection |
CMV: cytomegalovirus; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; CNS: central nervous system; HSV: virus herpes simplex; VZV: virus varicella-zoster; EBV: virus Epstein-Barr; NASBA: nucleic acid sequence-based amplification; HPV: human papillomavirus; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; RNA: ribonucleic acid.