Cell-type–specific rescue of smp-1, unc-6, and plx-1 mutant ray 1 defects. The percentages of severe (solid bar) and mild (cross-hatched bar) anterior ray 1 displacements are shown for a variety of smp-1, unc-6, and plx-1 mutants strains—all in a him-5 (e1490) (control WT) genetic background. (A) plx-1 mutant ray 1defects are rescued by expression of plx-1 in all the rays (driven by lin-32 promoter) or the ray structural cell (driven by the ram-5 promoter), but not by expression in Rn.p cells (driven by the eff-1 promoter). (B) Percentage of wild type (WT = him-5) and unc-40 mutant ray 1 anterior displacement defects are shown (B, a and b) to compare with the same mutant expressing an unc-40cDNA driven by (B, c) the ram-5 promoter (evEx411), or (B, d) the lin-32 promoter (evEx412) or (B, e) the eff-1 promoter (evEx413) or (B, f) both the ram-5 and eff-1 promoter (evEx414) or (B, g) both the lin-32 and eff-1 promoter (evEx415). (B, h) ray 1 anterior displacement defects induced by evIs103 (an unc-40::gfp fusion driven by the unc-40 promoter) in a wild-type background, and (B, i) the effects of halving the dose of the evIs103 transgene on ray 1 defects. (B, j) ray 1 anterior displacement defects in an unc-40 mutant homozygous for the evIs103 transgene array, or (B, k) carrying the evEx416 extrachromosomal array of plasmid pSC11 comprising the entire unc-40 coding sequence plus regulatory sequence previously shown to rescue an unc-40 mutant (Chan et al. 1996). (B, l) plx-1 mutant displacement defects—shown to compare with (B, m) the same mutant carrying evIs103. (B, n) unc-6 mutant ray 1 anterior displacement defects—shown to compare with (B, o) the same mutant homozygous for evIs103 or (B, p) evEx412, or (B, q) evEx411. Standard deviations for percentages of the anterior ray 1 phenotype were calculated assuming a binomial distribution of the same sample size and the observed proportion as mean. Statistical tests were carried out using a standard (two tailed) comparison of two proportions (Moore and McCabe 1998). Joined horizontal lines designate data used for statistical comparisons to determine whether specific transgene arrays rescue unc-40 or unc-6 mutant anterior ray 1 displacement defects. In all cases rescue was significant (P < 0.005).