Table 2.  .

Effects of Individual, Immobilized GAG Molecules on Trigeminal Neurite Outgrowth in an In Vitro Spot Assay

	Control (No GAG)	5 μM GAG Only	5 μM GAG + Buffer	5 μM GAG + Enzyme	2.5 μM GAG	1 μM GAG	0.5 μM GAG	0.1 μM GAG
CS(A)	—	3.4 ± 3***	3.9 ± 2***	67.0 ± 19	10.9 ± 9***‡	18.1 ± 19***	51.5 ± 23*	79.0 ± 13
DS	—	0.67 ± 0.6***	3.0 ± 2***	55.4 ± 25	1.2 ± 1***	43.8 ± 19**‡	41.5 ± 16**	90.5 ± 25
CS(C)	—	1.3 ± 1***	0.7 ± 0.6***	45.9 ± 25*	1.4 ± 1***	12.8 ± 6***§	12.6 ± 7***§	74.4 ± 10
KS	—	20.0 ± 8***†	13.5 ± 7***†	52.1 ± 17*	29.0 ± 12***†	50.0 ± 26***‡	62.0 ± 30***‡	72.8 ± 24
Hep	—	82.9 ± 20	—	—	—	—	—	—
Water	73.4 ± 17	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

Each numerical value is expressed as mean ± SD and represents the percentage of neurite density visible on test substrata for each GAG at the given concentration when compared with control substrata. These results are also summarized in graphical format in Figure 6J. Pooled data were obtained by analyzing neurite behavior from E10 trigeminal explants cultured adjacent to a minimum of three separate GAG spots per group.

^*Significance between neurite density growth on no GAG control (water) and GAG tested is indicated by: significant, * P < 0.05; very significant, ** P < 0.01; extremely significant, *** P < 0.001.

^†Indicates a significant increase (P < 0.05) in neurite density growth on tested GAG compared with all other GAGs tested (excluding heparin, which was used as control) at identical molarity.

^‡Indicates a significant increase (P < 0.05) in neurite density growth on tested GAG compared with some, but not all, GAGs tested at identical molarity.

^§Indicates a significant decline (P > 0.05) in neurite density growth on tested GAG compared with all other GAGs tested (excluding heparin, which was used as control) at identical molarity.