Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the women with and without hip fractures (n = 933)
| NF n = 856 | Hip Fx n = 77 | Neck Fx n = 49 | Troch Fx n = 31 |
p-values |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NF vs. Hip Fx | Between groups | NF vs. Neck Fx | NF vs. Troch Fx | Neck Fx vs. Troch Fx | |||||
| Age (yrs) |
71.3 (1.1) |
71.7 (1.1) |
71.5 (1.1) |
72.1 (0.9) |
0.002 |
< 0.001 |
0.668 |
< 0.001 |
0.031 |
| Age at 1st fracture (yrs) |
-- |
79.4 (3.9) |
79.6 (3.8) |
79.0 (4.1) |
-- |
0.521 |
-- |
-- |
0.521 |
| Weight (kg) |
68.9 (10.9) |
66.3 (11.8) |
67.2 (12.5) |
64.5 (10.2) |
0.041 |
0.076 |
0.579 |
0.121 |
0.611 |
| Height (cm) |
157.9 (5.7) |
159.6 (5.2) |
159.8 (5.1) |
159.3 (5.1) |
0.012 |
0.041 |
0.082 |
0.438 |
0.930 |
| BMI (kg/m2) |
27.7 (4.1) |
25.9 (3.8) |
26.2 (4.0) |
25.3 (3.2) |
< 0.001 |
0.001 |
0.046 |
0.008 |
0.673 |
| Calcium intake / day (mg) |
809.1 (345.9) |
819.5 (353.9) |
857.3 (375.8) |
752.7 (294.4) |
0.801 |
0.413 |
0.618 |
0.693 |
0.426 |
| Timed Up & Go (s) |
11.1 (3.4) |
13.3 (4.9) |
12.9 (4.6) |
14.4 (5.8) |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
0.006 |
< 0.001 |
0.360 |
| Daily smoking, yes vs. no, n (%) |
42 (4.9) |
7 (9.1) |
4 (8.2) |
4 (12.9) |
0.115 |
0.074 |
0.313 |
0.049 |
0.766 |
| 814 (95.1) |
70 (90.9) |
45 (91.8 |
27 (87.1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Corticosteroids, yes vs. no, n (%) |
13 (1.5) |
1 (1.3) |
0 (0.0) |
1 (3.2) |
0.879 |
0.669 |
0.358 |
0.454 |
0.195 |
| 843 (98.5) |
76 (98.7) |
49 (100.0) |
30 (96.8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Daily alcohol use, yes vs. no, n (%) |
8 (0.9) |
1 (1.3) |
1 (2.0) |
0 (0.0) |
0.754 |
0.798 |
0.448 |
0.589 |
0.434 |
| 848 (99.1) |
76 (98.7) |
48 (98.0) |
31 (100.0) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Calcium intake <800 mg / day vs. more, n (%) |
364 (42.5) |
32 (41.6) |
18 (36.7) |
15 (48.4) |
0.870 |
0.723 |
0.425 |
0.517 |
0.353 |
| 492 (57.5) |
45 (58.4) |
31 (63.3) |
16 (51.6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Rheumatoid arthritis, yes vs. no, n (%) |
48 (5.6) |
7 (9.1) |
3 (6.1) |
4 (12.9) |
0.214 |
0.273 |
0.879 |
0.089 |
0.265 |
| 808 (49.4) |
70 (90.9) |
46 (93.9) |
27 (87.1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Estrogen use, yes vs. no, n (%) |
39 (4.6) |
5 (6.5) |
5 (10.2) |
2 (6.5) |
0.442 |
0.084 |
0.074 |
0.621 |
0.072 |
| 817 (95.4) |
72 (93.5) |
44 (89.8) |
29 (93.5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Osteoporosis medication, yes vs. no, n (%) |
29 (3.4) |
3 (3.9) |
2 (4.1) |
1 (3.2) |
0.814 |
0.973 |
0.795 |
0.961 |
0.875 |
| 827 (96.6) |
74 (96.1) |
47 (95.9) |
30 (96.8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Coffee usage > 3 cups / day vs. less, n (%) |
384 (44.9) |
30 (39.0) |
14 (28.6) |
16 (51.6) |
0.310 |
0.035 |
0.019 |
0.404 |
0.016 |
| 428 (50.0) |
43 (55.8) |
33 (67.3) |
13 (41.9) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Diabetes, yes vs. no, n (%) |
112 (13.1) |
15 (19.5) |
9 (18.4) |
7 (22.6) |
0.117 |
0.361 |
0.291 |
0.128 |
0.835 |
| 744 (86.9) |
62 (80.5) |
40 (81.6) |
24 (77.4) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Hypertension, yes vs. no, n (%) |
315 (36.8) |
19 (24.7) |
11 (22.4) |
10 (32.3) |
0.034 |
0.043 |
0.042 |
0.606 |
0.314 |
| 541 (63.2) |
58 (75.3) |
38 (77.6) |
21 (67.7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| CVD, yes vs. no, n (%) |
299 (63.2) |
26 (33.8) |
15 (30.6) |
13 (41.9) |
0.837 |
0.483 |
0.537 |
0.422 |
0.272 |
| 557 (34.9) | 51 (66.2) | 34 (69.4) | 18 (58.1) | ||||||
Values are the means (SD) unless otherwise specified. Student’s t-test (NF vs. Hip Fx) and ANOVA (Scheffé’s post hoc test (NF vs. Neck Fx vs. Troch Fx)) were used with scalar variables, and a χ2 test and an independent samples Kruskal-Wallis test with categorical variables were used to calculate differences between groups. NF = subjects with no fractures, Hip Fx = subjects with a hip fracture, Neck Fx = subjects with a cervical fracture, Troch Fx = subjects with a trochanteric fracture, BMI = body mass index, CVD = cardiovascular diseases, SD = standard deviation. Numbers do not match due to missing values.