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. 2012 Dec 14;7(12):e51953. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051953

Figure 1. LPS pretreatment primed chitin-induced defense responses in rice cells.

Figure 1

(A) Priming of GN8-induced ROS generation by the pretreatment with P. aeruginosa LPS. (B) Priming of GN8-induced expression of defense related genes by the pretreatment with P. aeruginosa LPS. Relative expression to the water control was shown. RCC1 (AK061042), rice class 1 chitinase; rBG (AK058891), rice β 1,3-glucanase; OsDTC2 (AK108710), stemar-13-ene synthase; OsKSL4 (AK119327), 9βH-pimara-7,15-diene synthase; PAL (AK068993), phenylalanine anmonia lyase. (C) Confirmation of LPS as the active component for priming activity. Commercial P. aeruginosa LPS preparation was applied to either a polymixin B-agarose column or a sepharose CL-6B column, and eluted with distilled water. Priming activity in the commercial LPS preparation was completely recovered in the flow-through fraction from the sepharose CL-6B column. On the other hand, the flow-through fraction from polymixin B-agarose column did not show detectable priming activity. (D) Dose dependency of priming activity of P. aeruginosa LPS on GN8-induced ROS production. LPS concentration used for the experiments (A) to (C) was 0.1 µg/ml and GN8 concentration for the experiments (A) to (D) was 0.08 ng/ml. Rice cells were pretreated with the LPS for 120 min at 25°C and successively treated with GN8. Error bars indicate standard deviation.