Table 4. Population differentiation estimates based on neutral and ELA loci.

Locus	F ST	Φ ST	Exact Test p-value	F′ ± SE	D est
μsats (n = 13)1	0.038 (p<0.001)2	—	p = 1.000	—	0.1013
β-Fibr intron	0.140 (p<0.001)	0.129 (p<0.001)	p<0.001	0.178±0.027	0.282
DRA	0.045 (p<0.001)	0.051 (p<0.001)	p<0.001	0.034±0.013	0.193
DQA	0.020 (p = 0.027)	0.052 (p = 0.003)	p<0.001	0.013±0.017	0.153
DQAALL	0.016 (p = 0.020)	0.018 (p = 0.046)	p<0.001	0.021±0.014	—

Conventional F-statistics (F _ST), Φ _ST based on a K2P distance matrix, and global differentiation exact tests with p-values are reported. F′, an F _ST analog based on the similarity index [80], with standard error (± SE), and the Jost's D parameter (D _est) are also shown. Divergence estimates for the DQA locus are reported both excluding (DQA) and including (DQA_ALL) individuals with multi-locus genotypes.

¹ Estimates based on 13 loci.

² 95% confidence interval = 0.026–0.053.

³ Represents the harmonic mean of the estimated parameter over all loci.