Table 1. Comparison of characteristics of case patients in the derivation and validation groups.
| Variables | No. (%) of patients | ||
| Derivation Set | Validation Set | ||
| (n = 247) | (n = 247) | ||
| Demographic information | |||
| Male sex | 126 (51.0) | 140 (56.7) | 0.21 |
| Age >65 years | 60 (24.3) | 47 (19.0) | 0.16 |
| Risk factors | |||
| Charlson Comorbidity Index >4 | 49 (19.8) | 44 (17.8) | 0.56 |
| Chronic viral hepatitis | 31 (12.6) | 6 (2.4) | <0.001 |
| Chronic renal failure | 6 (2.4) | 7 (2.8) | 0.78 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 7 (2.8) | 31 (12.6) | <0.001 |
| Receipt of corticosteroidsa | 105 (42.5) | 81 (32.8) | 0.02 |
| Neutropenia | 163 (65.9) | 234 (94.7) | <0.001 |
| Severe neutropenia (PMN <100/mm3) | 87 (35.2) | 144 (58.3) | <0.001 |
| Prolonged neutropenia (≥10 days ) | 99 (40.1) | 166 (67.2) | <0.001 |
| Presence of central venous catheter | 114 (46.2) | 215 (87.0) | <0.001 |
| Presence of urinary catheter | 49 (19.8) | 29 (11.7) | 0.01 |
| Presence of nasogastric tube | 6 (2.4) | 2 (0.8) | 0.15 |
| Total parenteral nutritionb | 4 (1.6) | 73 (29.6) | <0.001 |
| Etiological agents | |||
| Monomicrobial Gram-positive bacteremia | 123 (55.7) | 81 (38.4) | <0.001 |
| Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. | 62 (28.1) | 44 (20.8) | 0.08 |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 22 (9.9) | 7 (3.3) | 0.005 |
| Enterococcus spp. | 15 (6.8) | 7 (3.3) | 0.10 |
| Streptococcus spp. | 11 (4.9) | 12 (5.7) | 0.74 |
| Monomicrobial Gram-negative bacteremia | 98 (44.3) | 130 (61.6) | <0.001 |
| Escherichia coli | 49 (22.2) | 73 (34.6) | 0.004 |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 8 (3.6) | 11 (5.2) | 0.42 |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 32 (14.5) | 24 (11.4) | 0.34 |
| Enterobacter spp. | 2 (0.9) | 8 (3.8) | 0.05 |
| Polymicrobial bacteremia | 26 (10.5) | 36 (14.6) | 0.17 |
| Nosocomial bacteremia | 178 (72.1) | 190 (76.9) | 0.22 |
| Acute renal failure | 25 (10.1) | 20 (8.1) | 0.43 |
| 30-day mortality | 52 (21.1) | 30 (12.1) | 0.007 |
a
During the 3 months preceding index blood culture.
b
During the 30 days preceding index blood culture.