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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Dec 15.
Published in final edited form as: J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol. 2010 May 21;196(10):751–766. doi: 10.1007/s00359-010-0534-4

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Occlusion of the nostrils in Japanese quail (A) does not lead to any significant change in sexual behavior (B) but alters the expression of immediate early gene fos in their brain (C). A. Photographs of the head of a male Japanese quail in which the nostrils were blocked by dental cement (arrow). B. Frequencies (± SEM) of mount attempts and cloacal contact movements recorded during a 10 min test in males that were either used as control (open columns; SEX) or had their nose blocked by dental cement (black columns; SEX/PLUGGED). C. Numbers of Fos-immunoreactive (Fos-ir) cells (±SEM) observed in the caudal medial preoptic area (mPOA) and rostral bed nucleus striae terminalis, medial part (BSTM) of male quail that had been allowed to copulate with a female either in the normal condition (SEX) or after their nose was blocked with dental cement (SEX/PLUGGED). The dotted lines and grey area represent the mean (±SEM) numbers of Fos-ir cells in control birds that stayed in their home cage and were not exposed to a female (Ctrl). Redrawn from data in Taziaux et al. (2008).