Table 1.
Factors associated with VRE detection in cases and controls (Univariate analysis)
| Variables | Cases | Controls | Unadjusted OR | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants |
58 |
116 |
- |
- |
| Age ≥ 65 (years) |
35 (60.3%) |
56 (48.2%) |
1.63 (0.82 to 3.26) |
0.13 |
| Male |
36 (62.1%) |
74 (63.8%) |
0.92 (0.46 to 1.88) |
0.82 |
|
Antibiotics |
|
|
|
|
| Exposure to any antibiotic |
45 (77.6%) |
55 (47.4%) |
3.83 (1.79 to 8.54) |
<0.001 |
| Meropenem |
8 (13.8%) |
2 (1.7%) |
9.12 (1.71 to 89.92) |
0.001 |
| Antibiotics other than meropenem |
39 (67.2%) |
54 (46.5%) |
4.5 (2.06 to 10.71) |
0.001 |
| Vancomycin |
13 (22.4%) |
19 (16.38%) |
1.47 (0.61 to 3.46) |
0.33 |
| Teicoplanin |
2 (3.4%) |
2 (1.7%) |
2.03 (0.14 to 28.63) |
0.47 |
| Any cephalosporin |
19 (32.8%) |
32 (27.6%) |
1.27 (0.60 to 2.66) |
0.47 |
| Ceftriaxone |
11 (18.9%) |
24 (20.7%) |
0.89 (0.36 to 2.11) |
0.78 |
| Cefotaxime |
2 (3.4%) |
0 |
- |
- |
| Ceftazidime |
5 (8.6%) |
4 (3.4%) |
2.64 (0.54 to 13.79) |
0.14 |
| Cefepime |
1 (1.7%) |
6 (5.2%) |
0.32 (0.01 to 2.76) |
0.27 |
| Metronidazole |
5 (8.6%) |
19 (16.4%) |
0.48 (0.13 to 1.43) |
0.16 |
| Ciprofloxacin |
11 (18.9%) |
9 (7.8%) |
2.78 (0.96 to 8.11) |
0.03 |
| Ticarcillin-clavulanate |
11 (18.9%) |
12 (10.3%) |
2.02 (0.74 to 5.41) |
0.11 |
| Ampicillin |
1 (1.7%) |
3 (2.6%) |
0.66 (0.01 to 8.45) |
0.72 |
| Gentamicin |
2 (3.4%) |
9 (7.8%) |
0.42 (0.04 to 2.16) |
0.27 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam |
5 (8.6%) |
3 (2.6%) |
3.55 (0.65 to 23.53) |
0.07 |
|
Other factors |
|
|
|
|
| ICU admission |
18 (31.1%) |
26 (22.4%) |
1.55 (0.71 to 3.33) |
0.21 |
| Within 2 rooms of positive case |
30 (62.5%) |
54 (65.8%) |
0.86 (0.38 to 1.94) |
0.69 |
| On same side as positive case |
48 (82.8%) |
83 (77.6%) |
1.38 (0.57 to 3.53) |
0.43 |
| Diarrhoea |
12 (21.1%) |
11 (9.5%) |
2.54 (0.94 to 6.85) |
0.03 |
| Length of stay (Median days) |
11.5 (7–30) |
6.0 (3–13) |
- |
<0.001 |
| Length of stay ≥7 days | 43 (74.2%) | 43 (37.1%) | 4.86 (2.30 to 10.51) | <0.001 |