TABLE 2.

Targeted Integrin Imaging Studies in the Literature

Study Group, Year	Imaging Technique	Tumor Model	Contrast Agent and Label Used	Reference
Ellegala et al., 2003	Ultrasound	Malignant glioma in rats	Echistatin conjugated ultrasound contrast agent	62
Willmann et al., 2008	Ultrasound	Angiosarcoma in mice	α(v)β(3)-targeted ultrasound contrast agent	54
Scmieder et al., 2005	MRI	Human melanoma xenograft in mice	α(v)β(3)-targeted paramagnetic nano-particles	63
Lee et al., 2008	MRI and PET	Human glioblastoma in mice	Polyaspartic acid-coated iron oxide and 64Cu	64
Haubner et al., 2001	PET	Murine osteosarcoma, human melanoma in mice	18F-labeled RGD	65
Chen et al., 2004	PET	Glioblastoma in mice	18F-labeled RGD	66
Beer et al., 2005	PET	Melanoma, sarcoma, or osseous metastases in 19 patients	18F-labeled RGD	67
Beer et al., 2006	PET	Solid tumors (melonama, musculoskeletal tumors, etc.) in 19 patients	18F-labeled RGD	68
Beer et al., 2008	PET	Various solid tumor types in human	18F-labeled RGD	69
Kenny et al., 2008	PET	Breast cancer in human	18F-AH111585-labeled RGD	70
Decristoforo et al., 2008	PET and SPECT	Melanoma in mice	68Ga- and 111In-labeled DOTA-RGD	71
Chen et al., 2004	Near-infrared fluorescence imaging	Glioblastoma in mice	Cy5.5-RGD	72
Jin et al., 2007	Near-infrared fluorescence imaging	Human embryonic kidney cells in mice	Cy5-RAFT-c(-RGDfK-) 4 (a tetrameric cRGD)	73
Hsu et al., 2006	Near-infrared fluorescence imaging	Glioblastoma in mice	Cy5.5-RGD	74

Note—RGD = arginine–glycine–aspartic acid, DOTA = tetraazacyclododecanetetraacetic acid.