Table 1.

Socio-Demographic Profile of Urban Mothers (N = 48)^*

		Mean ± Std. Dev., or Percent	Note
Gender (Female)	N = 48	100%
Mother’s Age (Years)	N = 47	31.1 ± 5.6	Range = 20 – 44, Median = 32.0
Years Education	N = 45	8.9 ± 2.8	Range = 2–15, Median = 9
Family Annual Income†	N = 40	$24,600 ± 12,800	Range = $4,450 – $70,000 Median = $24,000
Has Health Insurance	N = 46	35.4%	About half of these insured people receive MediCal‡
Years in U.S.	N = 43	8.9 ± 4.8	Range = 0.75–21, Median = 8.3
Rural Origin ¶	N = 48	52%
Children in Family	N = 48	2.5 ± 1.0	Range = 1–5, Median = 2
Report Untreated Dental Problem for Self	N = 48	60%

^*Not all participants responded to all questions.

^† U.S. $ (2007); the federally-defined poverty threshold for a family with 3 children is $24,744.⁵²

^‡ Federal health coverage for the poor, Medicaid, is known in the state of California as MediCal.

^§ The five participants born in the United States were not included in this row.

^¶ Rural was defined as “pueblo” or “small town/village” of approximately 15,000 or fewer inhabitants.