Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Dec 17.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Cogn Sci. 2006 Jul 13;10(8):363–369. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2006.06.007

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Schematic representations of information flow in interactive and autonomous models of speech perception. (a) An interactive model posits bi-directional excitatory connections between processing levels with phoneme-level responses produced at the pre-lexical processing level. Units within each layer compete through mutually inhibitory connections. (See Box 1 for architectural details of the interactive TRACE model.) (b) An autonomous model of the sort advocated in [4] posits strictly feedforward excitatory connections from pre-lexical processing to word processing and a separate phoneme identification layer that integrates inputs from phoneme and word processing layers. Units in the word processing and phoneme identification layers compete through mutually inhibitory connections. In both panels red arrows indicate excitatory connections and blue curves indicate inhibitory connections.