Table 3.

Test of Reversed Causality: The Effect of a Change in Inter-Hospital Variation in Caesarean Section on the Change in Use of Diagnostic Technology

	Dependent Variables
Independent Variable	Change in Number of Types of Diagnostic Technology from t to t + 1*	Change in Types of Diagnostic Technology from t to t +1†
Change in the coefficient of variation for Caesarean section from t − 1 to t		From none to cardiotocography	0.001 (0.008)
		From none to ultrasound	−0.025 (0.016)
	−0.005 (0.006)	From none to ultrasound and cardiotocography	−0.010 (0.011)
		From cardiotocography to cardiotocography and ultrasound	−0.011 (0.012)
		From ultrasound to cardiotocography and ultrasound	0.001 (0.016)

Regression coefficients with standard errors in brackets. Hospital-level analyses and year fixed effects are shown.

^*Binary logistic regression. 1 = hospitals that get one or more new technologies from t to t + 1; 0 = no change.

^†Multinominal logistic regression. Reference category: no change in technology.

*p ≤ 0.01, **p ≤ 0.001.