Figure 5.

Effect of XAE (30-300 mg kg^-1), XA (10-100 mg kg^-1) and morphine (1-10 mg kg-1) on the time course curves (a, c, e) and the total anti-nociceptive effect (calc. as AUCs) (b, c, f) in the tail-flick test in mice. Data was presented as mean ± S.E.M. (n = 8). The lower and upper margins of the boxes (B, D, F) represent the 25^th and 75^th percentiles, with the extended arms representing the 10^th and 90^th percentiles, respectively. The median is shown as the horizontal line within the box. .^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001 compared to control group (ctrl) (Two-way repeated measures ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's post hoc). ^†P < 0.05, ^††P < 0.01, ^†††P < 0.001 compared to control group (ctrl) (one-way ANOVA followed by Newman-Keuls post hoc)