(b)

Variables	Conduct disorders		Depression		Tics		Learning disorders		Dysthymia		Schizophrenia
	n	P	n	P	n	P	n	P	n	P	n	P
Gender
Male	38	0.907	16	0.360	1	0.001*	4	0.004*	1	0.001*	0	0.0001*
Female	8		3		1		2		1		1
Age (years)
6–8	11		10		0		3		0		0
8–10	12	0.279	5	0.923	1	0.844	0	0.623	2	0.0001*	1	0.661
10–12	3		4		1		3		0		0
Reason for institutionalization
Abandonment	10		6		1		3		2		1
Orphanage	11	0.620	8	0.290	1	0.619	2	0.086	0	0.094	0	0.391
Disturbed family integrity	5		5		0		1		0		0
Moves between institutions
1	16		8		0		1		1		0
2	6	0.492	7	0.357	2	0.279	2	0.216	0	0.546	1	0.923
3	4		4		0		1		0		0
Sex of caregiver
Male	3	0.538	7	0.584	0	0.0001*	1	0.0001*	2	0.125	0	0.215
Female	23		12		2		5		1		1
Stability of caregiver
Stable >6 months	17	0.507	10	0.575	2	0.123	3	0.018*	0	0.003*	0	0.235
Unstable	9		9		0		3		2		1
Length of institutionalization
Less than 2 years	19	0.489	13	0.387	0	0.0001*	4	0.043*	1	0.001*	0	0.007*
More than 2 years	7		6		2		2		1		1

P < 0.05 significant, *Statistically significant.